dict (stdlib v3.15.2)
This module provides a Key-Value dictionary. The representation of a dictionary is not defined.
This module provides the same interface as the orddict(3) module. One difference is that while this module considers two keys as different if they do not match (=:=), orddict considers two keys as different if and only if they do not compare equal (==).
Notes
Functions append and append_list are included so that keyed values can be stored in a list accumulator, for example:
> D0 = dict:new(),
D1 = dict:store(files, [], D0),
D2 = dict:append(files, f1, D1),
D3 = dict:append(files, f2, D2),
D4 = dict:append(files, f3, D3),
dict:fetch(files, D4).
[f1,f2,f3]This saves the trouble of first fetching a keyed value, appending a new value to the list of stored values, and storing the result.
Function fetch is to be used if the key is known to be in the dictionary, otherwise function find.
See Also
Link to this section Summary
Functions
Appends a new Value to the current list of values associated with Key.
Appends a list of values ValList to the current list of values associated with Key. An exception is generated if the initial value associated with Key is not a list of values.
Erases all items with a given key from a dictionary.
Returns the value associated with Key in dictionary Dict. This function assumes that Key is present in dictionary Dict, and an exception is generated if Key is not in the dictionary.
Returns a list of all keys in dictionary Dict.
Dict2 is a dictionary of all keys and values in Dict1 for which Pred(Key, Value) is true.
Searches for a key in dictionary Dict. Returns {ok, Value}, where Value is the value associated with Key, or error if the key is not present in the dictionary.
Calls Fun on successive keys and values of dictionary Dict together with an extra argument Acc (short for accumulator). Fun must return a new accumulator that is passed to the next call. Acc0 is returned if the dictionary is empty. The evaluation order is undefined.
Converts the Key-Value list List to dictionary Dict.
Returns true if dictionary Dict has no elements, otherwise false.
Tests if Key is contained in dictionary Dict.
Calls Fun on successive keys and values of dictionary Dict1 to return a new value for each key. The evaluation order is undefined.
Merges two dictionaries, Dict1 and Dict2, to create a new dictionary. All the Key-Value pairs from both dictionaries are included in the new dictionary. If a key occurs in both dictionaries, Fun is called with the key and both values to return a new value. merge can be defined as follows, but is faster
Creates a new dictionary.
Returns the number of elements in dictionary Dict.
Stores a Key-Value pair in dictionary Dict2. If Key already exists in Dict1, the associated value is replaced by Value.
This function returns value from dictionary and a new dictionary without this value. Returns error if the key is not present in the dictionary.
Converts dictionary Dict to a list representation.
Updates a value in a dictionary by calling Fun on the value to get a new value. An exception is generated if Key is not present in the dictionary.
Updates a value in a dictionary by calling Fun on the value to get a new value. If Key is not present in the dictionary, Initial is stored as the first value. For example, append/3 can be defined as
Adds Increment to the value associated with Key and stores this value. If Key is not present in the dictionary, Increment is stored as the first value.
Link to this section Types
-type dict() :: term().
Specs
dict() :: dict(_, _).
Specs
dict(Key, Value)
Dictionary as returned by new/0.
Link to this section Functions
append/3
Specs
Appends a new Value to the current list of values associated with Key.
See also section Notes.
append_list/3
Specs
append_list(Key, ValList, Dict1) -> Dict2
when Dict1 :: dict(Key, Value), Dict2 :: dict(Key, Value), ValList :: [Value].
Appends a list of values ValList to the current list of values associated with Key. An exception is generated if the initial value associated with Key is not a list of values.
See also section Notes.
erase/2
Specs
Erases all items with a given key from a dictionary.
fetch/2
Specs
fetch(Key, Dict) -> Value when Dict :: dict(Key, Value).
Returns the value associated with Key in dictionary Dict. This function assumes that Key is present in dictionary Dict, and an exception is generated if Key is not in the dictionary.
See also section Notes.
fetch_keys/1
Specs
fetch_keys(Dict) -> Keys when Dict :: dict(Key, Value :: term()), Keys :: [Key].
Returns a list of all keys in dictionary Dict.
filter/2
Specs
filter(Pred, Dict1) -> Dict2
when
Pred :: fun((Key, Value) -> boolean()),
Dict1 :: dict(Key, Value),
Dict2 :: dict(Key, Value).
Dict2 is a dictionary of all keys and values in Dict1 for which Pred(Key, Value) is true.
find/2
Specs
find(Key, Dict) -> {ok, Value} | error when Dict :: dict(Key, Value).
Searches for a key in dictionary Dict. Returns {ok, Value}, where Value is the value associated with Key, or error if the key is not present in the dictionary.
See also section Notes.
fold/3
Specs
fold(Fun, Acc0, Dict) -> Acc1
when
Fun :: fun((Key, Value, AccIn) -> AccOut),
Dict :: dict(Key, Value),
Acc0 :: Acc,
Acc1 :: Acc,
AccIn :: Acc,
AccOut :: Acc.
Calls Fun on successive keys and values of dictionary Dict together with an extra argument Acc (short for accumulator). Fun must return a new accumulator that is passed to the next call. Acc0 is returned if the dictionary is empty. The evaluation order is undefined.
from_list/1
Specs
from_list(List) -> Dict when Dict :: dict(Key, Value), List :: [{Key, Value}].
Converts the Key-Value list List to dictionary Dict.
Specs
is_empty(Dict) -> boolean() when Dict :: dict().
Returns true if dictionary Dict has no elements, otherwise false.
is_key/2
Specs
is_key(Key, Dict) -> boolean() when Dict :: dict(Key, Value :: term()).
Tests if Key is contained in dictionary Dict.
map/2
Specs
map(Fun, Dict1) -> Dict2
when
Fun :: fun((Key, Value1) -> Value2),
Dict1 :: dict(Key, Value1),
Dict2 :: dict(Key, Value2).
Calls Fun on successive keys and values of dictionary Dict1 to return a new value for each key. The evaluation order is undefined.
merge/3
Specs
merge(Fun, Dict1, Dict2) -> Dict3
when
Fun :: fun((Key, Value1, Value2) -> Value),
Dict1 :: dict(Key, Value1),
Dict2 :: dict(Key, Value2),
Dict3 :: dict(Key, Value).
Merges two dictionaries, Dict1 and Dict2, to create a new dictionary. All the Key-Value pairs from both dictionaries are included in the new dictionary. If a key occurs in both dictionaries, Fun is called with the key and both values to return a new value. merge can be defined as follows, but is faster:
merge(Fun, D1, D2) ->
fold(fun (K, V1, D) ->
update(K, fun (V2) -> Fun(K, V1, V2) end, V1, D)
end, D2, D1).new/0
Specs
new() -> dict().
Creates a new dictionary.
size/1
Specs
size(Dict) -> non_neg_integer() when Dict :: dict().
Returns the number of elements in dictionary Dict.
store/3
Specs
Stores a Key-Value pair in dictionary Dict2. If Key already exists in Dict1, the associated value is replaced by Value.
Specs
take(Key, Dict) -> {Value, Dict1} | error
when Dict :: dict(Key, Value), Dict1 :: dict(Key, Value), Key :: term(), Value :: term().
This function returns value from dictionary and a new dictionary without this value. Returns error if the key is not present in the dictionary.
to_list/1
Specs
to_list(Dict) -> List when Dict :: dict(Key, Value), List :: [{Key, Value}].
Converts dictionary Dict to a list representation.
update/3
Specs
update(Key, Fun, Dict1) -> Dict2
when
Dict1 :: dict(Key, Value),
Dict2 :: dict(Key, Value),
Fun :: fun((Value1 :: Value) -> Value2 :: Value).
Updates a value in a dictionary by calling Fun on the value to get a new value. An exception is generated if Key is not present in the dictionary.
update/4
Specs
update(Key, Fun, Initial, Dict1) -> Dict2
when
Dict1 :: dict(Key, Value),
Dict2 :: dict(Key, Value),
Fun :: fun((Value1 :: Value) -> Value2 :: Value),
Initial :: Value.
Updates a value in a dictionary by calling Fun on the value to get a new value. If Key is not present in the dictionary, Initial is stored as the first value. For example, append/3 can be defined as:
append(Key, Val, D) ->
update(Key, fun (Old) -> Old ++ [Val] end, [Val], D).update_counter/3
Specs
update_counter(Key, Increment, Dict1) -> Dict2
when Dict1 :: dict(Key, Value), Dict2 :: dict(Key, Value), Increment :: number().
Adds Increment to the value associated with Key and stores this value. If Key is not present in the dictionary, Increment is stored as the first value.
This can be defined as follows, but is faster:
update_counter(Key, Incr, D) ->
update(Key, fun (Old) -> Old + Incr end, Incr, D).